Japan, a nation renowned for its rich tapestry of culture, traditions, and deep – seated values, presents a unique stance on tattoos. For foreigners contemplating a tattoo in Japan or simply traveling with an existing one, understanding the local attitudes and regulations is crucial. This article delves into the complex world of tattoos in Japan, exploring the cultural context, legal aspects, and social implications for non – Japanese individuals.
The Historical and Cultural Stigma Surrounding Tattoos in Japan
Ancient Origins and Early Acceptance
Tattooing in Japan has a long – standing history that dates back over 2,000 years. The Ainu, the indigenous people of Japan, practiced tattooing as part of their culture. For the Ainu, tattoos were not only a form of body adornment but also held spiritual significance. Women, in particular, would get tattoos on their hands and lips. These tattoos were seen as a mark of beauty, a rite of passage, and were believed to offer protection. For example, a young Ainu woman getting a hand tattoo might signify her readiness for marriage or her transition into adulthood.
Tattooing as Punishment
However, the perception of tattoos took a dramatic turn in the Edo period (1603 – 1868). Starting from 1720, the Japanese government decided to use tattooing as a form of punishment for criminals. Instead of more severe physical punishments like nose or ear – cutting, criminals were marked with tattoos on their bodies. The tattoos were often simple in design, such as rings on the arms or characters on the forehead, clearly indicating their criminal status. This practice continued for about 150 years until the Meiji Restoration in 1870, when the new government, eager to modernize and westernize, abolished tattooing as a punishment. This long – standing association of tattoos with criminality left a deep – rooted stigma in Japanese society.
Tattoos and the Yakuza
Another significant factor contributing to the negative view of tattoos in Japan is their strong connection with the yakuza, the country’s organized crime syndicates. Yakuza members often have elaborate and extensive tattoos, which are not only a symbol of their loyalty to the gang but also a display of their rank and status within the organization. These tattoos, known as “irezumi” or “horimono,” typically cover large parts of the body, including the back, chest, and arms, and feature intricate designs such as dragons, koi fish, and traditional Japanese mythological figures. The yakuza’s flamboyant use of tattoos has further reinforced the public’s perception of tattoos as something associated with criminal and anti – social behavior.
The Current Social Attitude Towards Tattoos
Public Perception
Today, the majority of Japanese people still hold a negative view of tattoos. A significant portion of the population believes that individuals with tattoos are likely to be involved in criminal activities or have a rebellious nature. This perception is so ingrained that many Japanese people avoid having any visible tattoos themselves and are uncomfortable around those who do. For instance, in a typical Japanese office environment, it would be extremely rare to find an employee with a visible tattoo, as it could be seen as unprofessional and a potential source of discomfort for colleagues and clients.
Restrictions in Public Spaces
This negative attitude has led to a wide range of restrictions on individuals with tattoos in public spaces. Many public facilities, such as hot springs (onsen), swimming pools, beaches, and gyms, have explicit policies banning people with tattoos from entering. The management of these facilities fears that allowing tattooed individuals in might drive away other customers who are uncomfortable with tattoos. For example, a popular onsen in Hakone might display signs at its entrance stating that “Persons with tattoos are not allowed” to maintain a certain atmosphere and clientele. Even in some amusement parks and theme parks, there may be similar restrictions to ensure a family – friendly environment that caters to the majority’s preferences.
Legal Aspects of Tattoos in Japan for Foreigners
Is Tattooing Illegal in Japan?
Tattooing itself is not illegal in Japan. In 1948, the country lifted the ban on tattooing that had been in place since the Meiji era. However, the legal situation is more complex than it seems. There are no national laws specifically regulating tattoo parlors or the act of getting a tattoo. Instead, the regulations are left to local municipalities, which means that the rules can vary from one area to another.
Local Regulations
Some municipalities have implemented strict regulations regarding tattoo parlors. For example, in Tokyo, tattoo parlors are required to follow certain hygiene and safety standards. They must use sterilized equipment, and the tattoo artists need to have proper training in hygiene practices. Additionally, in some areas, tattoo parlors may be subject to zoning laws, which means they cannot operate in certain commercial or residential areas. In Osaka, for instance, there may be restrictions on where a tattoo parlor can be located to avoid disturbing the peace or causing discomfort to nearby residents or businesses.
Age Restrictions
In terms of age, most areas in Japan have set the minimum age for getting a tattoo at 18. This is in line with the general age of majority in the country, as it is believed that individuals at this age are mature enough to make such a permanent decision. However, some municipalities may have even higher age requirements, or they may require parental consent for minors to get a tattoo.
Can Foreigners Have Tattoos in Japan?
General Rule
In theory, foreigners are not exempt from the social and cultural norms regarding tattoos in Japan. They are expected to respect the local customs and attitudes. However, the situation is a bit more lenient for foreigners in some cases. While they are not supposed to flout the rules, Japanese people are generally aware that tattoos may be more socially acceptable in the foreigners’ home countries.
Navigating Public Spaces
For foreigners with tattoos, navigating public spaces can be a challenge. When visiting an onsen, for example, if a foreigner has a small, easily – concealable tattoo, they may be able to cover it with a bandage or clothing and may not face any issues. But if the tattoo is large and cannot be easily hidden, they will likely be turned away. At swimming pools and beaches, it may be more acceptable to have a visible tattoo as swimsuits naturally expose more skin, but it’s still advisable to be aware of the local attitudes. In some more international or tourist – friendly areas, the staff at public facilities may be more understanding towards foreigners with tattoos, but this is not guaranteed everywhere.
Getting a Tattoo in Japan as a Foreigner
If a foreigner wishes to get a tattoo in Japan, they should ensure that they choose a reputable tattoo parlor that adheres to the local regulations. They should also be prepared for the fact that the tattoo artist may ask for identification to verify their age. Some tattoo artists may be hesitant to tattoo foreigners, especially if they are not fluent in Japanese, due to potential communication barriers regarding the design, after – care instructions, and the legal aspects. However, there are also many tattoo parlors in Japan that are accustomed to working with international clients and are willing to provide their services.
Tips for Foreigners with Tattoos in Japan
Cover – Up
The simplest and most effective way for foreigners with tattoos to avoid any issues in Japan is to cover them up. Wearing long – sleeved shirts, long – pants, or using bandages can easily conceal tattoos. For example, if visiting an onsen, a foreigner with a forearm tattoo can wear a long – sleeved rash guard under their yukata (a traditional Japanese robe) to keep the tattoo hidden.
Be Discreet
Even if a tattoo is not visible, it’s important to be discreet about it. Avoid drawing attention to the fact that you have a tattoo, especially in formal or conservative settings. This means not talking about it excessively or showing it off in public. In a business meeting or a traditional Japanese cultural event, it’s best to keep the focus on the occasion rather than one’s personal body art.
Research in Advance
Before traveling to Japan, foreigners with tattoos should research the areas they plan to visit. Some areas, especially major cities with a large international population, may be more tolerant of tattoos. By knowing in advance which public facilities are more likely to be accommodating and which ones have strict no – tattoo policies, foreigners can plan their activities accordingly and avoid any unnecessary embarrassment or disappointment.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while foreigners can have tattoos in Japan, they need to be acutely aware of the country’s cultural sensitivities, social attitudes, and legal regulations regarding tattoos. The historical and cultural stigma associated with tattoos in Japan is deeply ingrained, and this has led to significant restrictions in public spaces. However, by being respectful, taking steps to cover up tattoos when necessary, and doing proper research, foreigners can navigate their time in Japan with their tattoos without causing major disruptions or facing discrimination. Japan’s unique stance on tattoos is just one aspect of its rich cultural fabric, and understanding and respecting this can enhance the overall experience of foreigners visiting or living in the country.
Related topics